能源利用中烃类气体检测技术研究进展

烃类气体作为地表油气地球化学勘查地下油气藏的直接指标,以及钻井液检测中指导钻井作业的重要因素,在挥发性烃类污染控制中也发挥着重要作用。通过对各类烃类气体检测技术现状和应用情况进行分析与整理,为该类技术针对不同目标的选择与组合提供了依据。     

北京市土地利用分布与水质响应空间关系研究

以北京市16个水质监测断面和饮用水源地作为研究对象,利用2009—2010年16个水质监测自动站监测数据与2009年北京市土地利用数据,分析不同缓冲区内土地利用与过境水质之间的响应关系。研究结果表明,耕地产生的农业非点源污染对水质影响明显;在大尺度区域增加林地面积比例有利于改善水质;离水源近的农村居民用地对水质产生负面影响;工业建设用地对水质影响在较大尺度上更为显著。     

废水污染物排放总量控制监测技术路线及要求

从中国污染物宏观控制目标出发，阐述了中国实施废水污染物排放总量控制监测的技术路线、监测项目以及相关技术要求。对污染物排放总量控制监测分析方法的应用、采样及测流等有关技术问题，提出了见解。以１９９８年污染源调查统计资料为例，提出了污染物排放总量控制监测方案及有关监测质量的保证措施。     

燃煤锅炉机组电改袋工程成功案例分析

以宝钢电厂3#机组电改全袋工程为例，论述了该成功工程的特点，介绍了袋式除尘器及滤料的比选过程、结构型式和设计参数，总结了除尘系统所具有的技术特色和投运后所取得的效果，该案例对袋式除尘器在电站锅炉的推广应用具有参考意义。     

三峡库区沙坝沟滑坡影响因素分析与稳定性评价

在不同工况下,通过采取不同的岩土体物理力学参数来计算沙坝沟滑坡的稳定系数并分析影响因素,得到影响该滑坡稳定性的主要因素为降雨、地下水作用及人类工程活动,在一定条件下可能成为滑坡失稳破坏的诱导因素。最后为滑坡防治提出一些建议,对滑坡的预测和防护提供依据。     

浸润线缓慢上升对滑坡剩余推力的影响规律

地下水浸润线变化对滑坡下滑力、抗滑力和剩余推力的影响甚大。基于传力系数法,建立了浸润线缓慢上升时剩余推力改变量的计算模型,探讨了滑面倾角、浸润线角度和滑面内摩擦角与倾角正切比对浸润线缓慢上升前后滑坡剩余推力改变量的影响规律;将浸润线缓慢上升时剩余推力由增大到减小的分界点称为剩余推力变化临界点,分析了剩余推力变化达到临界点时的浸润线倾角分布规律;提出了剩余推力变化的临界线,确定了浸润线缓慢上升时剩余推力的增大区域和减小区域。     

广东坡地红壤颗粒组成状况的研究──Ⅱ.土壤颗粒组成的空间分异

讨论了广东坡地红壤类土壤颗粒组成的空间分异现象，阐述了岩性、地形条件、水文动力学对颗粒组成空间分布的影响，指出地形条件、水动力学作用对广东坡地红壤类土壤颗粒组成的影响，在很大程度上是由广东所处区域的生物气候条件决定的。     

ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC LOADS ON LANDSCAPES AS A TOOL TO DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY FROM AZERBAIJAN

In order to determine the potential for sustainable regional development of the Caspian coastal zone, a study was made for the Khachmaz–Absheron zone of Azerbaijan. An evaluation was performed to assess the anthropogenic load on landscapes. Using the 8-point scale offered by Isachenko [2001, Ecological Geography of Russia, Saint Petersburg University Press, Saint Petersburg] for the indicators of agricultural, industrial, urban and integral anthropogenic loads, we did a preliminary ranking of the provinces in the Khachmaz–Absheron zone of Azerbaijan for the each indicator taken separately. Vital statistics were used as a supplementary indicator of environmental conditions in the region. By comparing the data for provinces with each other and the data on Azerbaijan average, we have classified the provinces into 4 groups according to specific combinations of the indicators. Each group of provinces has distinctive environmental conditions and features for sustainable development. The classification makes it possible to develop certain recommendations for the regional sustainable development. Measures to be implemented within the Azerbaijan State Program on Social and Economic Development of Regions are also discussed. In the Khachmaz province, production of ecologically pure products is highly recommended. Special attention should be given to the development of tourism and recreational institutions in the Khachmaz, Khizi and Devechi provinces. Recommendations for these provinces include further development of industry on the basis of modern safe technologies. The irrigation and drainage networks should be reconstructed. The reconstruction will make it possible to reduce water loss and to increase the productivity of agriculture. In the Absheron province, Baku and Sumgait cities environmental systems are overloaded, and so the works at highly polluting enterprises must be stopped, the enterprises have to be re-equipped (old filters must be changed first of all) or relocated from the area (a decrease of environmental risk should be in the focus of attention). For improving of air quality, green areas should increase. There is a need to reduce urban traffic density and to reconstruct highways. Use of old vehicles must be forbidden or restricted, and transition to environmentally friendly fuel should be supported in every way possible. It is necessary to bring the waste management system and sanitary landfills up to international standards, and to improve the water supply and sewerage systems.     

储罐硫腐蚀产物标志性气体的监测

含硫油品储罐内的腐蚀产物与油品中的活性硫反应生成硫化物,而此类硫腐蚀产物氧化自燃是导致储油罐发生火灾、爆炸事故的重要原因.通过试验考察了氧气体积比对硫腐蚀产物氧化自燃过程的影响,探索了铁锈模拟物在氧化过程中SO2气体的释放规律.结果表明:氧气浓度越高,硫腐蚀产物的自燃危险性越大;随着O2浓度增加,氧化反应中SO2的浓度越大,SO2气体析出速度越快,当氧化反应的温度为40℃时,SO2气体浓度达到最大.